TPI: [make one entry for each]
Teeth
or Threads
Per Inch. Often used in reference to band,
scroll, or jig saw blades. Number of threads per inch in a machine
screw or pipe thread.
Table:
A term in our language
with many connotations. As well as the common piece of furniture for
eating, working, includes top surface of Saw, Shaper,
Prill Press, and other similar power
machine tools. [will end up treating all "tables" here]
Tripod table: A small pedestal table with three curved legs
supporting the pedestal. home craftsman 4 may june 1935 p 22.
Table
Insert: Also Throat Plate, or
Zero-Clearance Throat Plate. The image
shows a so-called "zero-clearance-insert", where -- to reduce Tear
Out or Chip Out -- the gap
between the blade (and teeth) are minimized.
Table
Saw: See also Bench Saw,
Contractor's
Saw.
Perhaps
the most popular power tool among woodworkers today, a table saw
features a Circular Blade driven by an electric motor mounted
underneath the table, with the Blade -- adjustable by height and angle
-- projecting up through a narrow opening in the table.
Tailpiece:
The projection at the rear of a chair where back pieces are supported.
A Windsor chair is of this construction. (Source:
Home Craftsman 4 (jan-feb1935) p 124)
Tambour: [see
Fine
Woodworking, September, 1978, and
March-April, 1979]-- need photo of tambour on Hoosier
Taper,
Taper Cut: An "off-square" or angular
cut, especially on a furniture part, such as a table or chair
leg, that gives one end of a workpiece a narrower dimension than the
other end. On tables designed with tapered legs, for example, two of
the four sides -- the inside edges -- are tapered, giving the legs a
"rakish" look, that softens their often heavy, squarish appearance.
Also "Socket" for holding a Spindle on
a Shaper.
Taper
Jig: A device for cutting tapers
on the table saw.
[need image]
Tear-out: Small (and sometimes large)
pieces of wood that separate from the surface of a board when working
it with a tool, typically at the exit point of the saw blade, router
bit, or drill.
Similar to "Chip-out".
Zero Clearance Throat Plate above
is an example of a Jig designed to minimize
tear-out.
Template
(also Templet): under construction See also Jig/Fixture.  Defining the Term: As a noun, a
pattern or mold cut from cardboard, sheet metal or plywood, for the
purpose of guiding the direction of and confining the area of tool
cuts. An
instrument used as a gauge or guide in bringing any piece of work to
the
Source
of image: Popular Science Do-It-Yourself Encyclopedia
v 12 New York, 1955, page 2786.
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desired shape; usually a flat
piece of wood or metal having one
edge shaped to correspond to the outline of the finished work; also
used as a tool in moulding, and as a guide in forming moulds for
castings or pottery, in an automatic lathe, etc. In the machine shop, working
with metal, a gauge, pattern, or mold, commonly a thin plate or board,
or a light frame used as a guide to the form of the work to be
executed. 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Above
is an image of a Keller dovetail template. Today, with almost
every amateur woodworker an owner of a router and some form of dovetail
Jig,
or Template. this concept of template is commonplace. |
Uses of the Term
His
[R. Roberts's] system of templets and gauges, by
means of which
every part of an engine or tender corresponded with that of every other
engine or tender of the same class.Source: Samuel Smiles, Industrial
Biography: Iron Workers and Tool Makers 1863,
page 271
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But
a more usual method is to prepare a template, by
cutting out a piece of stout sheet metal to the converse of the
required form....
Source:
Charles Percy ByssheShelley, Workshop appliances
including descriptions of the gauging and measuring instruments, the
hand cutting-tools, lathes, drilling, planning, and other machine-tools
used by engineers. New York,: D. Appleton
& co., 1873, page
135
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If
so, then take up the question of tools, appliances,
and facilities generally. Are the machine tools such as will
give the greatest possible output, or will it pay to install special
tools? If the product is a specialty, has the question of small special
tools, such as jigs, templets, gauges, punches,
dies, and attachments,
by which production is promoted, been considered?
Source:
M. Cokely, "A Practical View of American Machine Shop Conditions", in
Robert Marion La Follette, ed., The Making of America,
Chicago, 1906, v 8, page 360
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Sources:
Peter Nicholson, An Architectural Dictionary,
1819; Samuel Smiles, Industrial Biography: Iron
Workers and Tool Makers 1863; Charles Percy
ByssheShelley, Workshop appliances including
descriptions of the gauging and measuring instruments, the hand
cutting-tools, lathes, drilling, planning, and other machine-tools used
by engineers. New York,: D. Appleton & co.,
1873; M. Cokely, "A Practical View of American Machine Shop
Conditions", in Robert Marion La Follette, ed., The
Making of America, Chicago, 1906, v 8, Shelley,
C. P. B. (Charles Percy Bysshe), Workshop appliances
including descriptions of the gauging and measuring instruments, the
hand cutting-tools, lathes, drilling, planning, and other machine-tools
used by engineers. by C. P. B. Shelley
New York,: D. Appleton & co., 1873; Home
Craftsman
4 January-February 1935.)
Tenon: A type of Joinery,
with several types: the more traditonal is
tongue of wood, cut to specific dimensions, to be inserted into a Mortise
(not shown yet).  The image on the left shows
two of the other kinds of tenons. In this unfinished Arts and Crafts
end table are "exposed tenons", where the tenon from
the table's side is dimensioned so the its rounded end projects beyond
the front side of the table's front and back legs. The second example
-- called Floating
Tenon -- with the "floating" tenon -- in
preparation
for gluing -- laying loose between the front leg
and the table's Stretcher, each of which is
mortised.
Treat
with Prototype.
Thicknesser: See Planer
Thicknessing:
The process of
making a workpiece equal thickness throughout.
Thicknessing
your own wood saves you time and money. While this simple technique is
normally done on a thicknessing Planer, you can
also do it with these four tools -- Belt Sander, Bandsaw,
Jointer and Overarm Router.
Source:
Blurb from Shopsmith's Hands On
No 7 September-October 1980, page 4
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Threads-Per-Inch
(TPI):
Throat Plate: See
Table Insert
Thrust
Bearing: "A
support which assumes the load of a shaft parallel to the axis of the
shaft preventing it from moving longitudinally". (Home
Craftsman 4 1935 July-August page 260.) Yikes! A
simpler definition comes from the anatomy of the bandsaw, where two
"thrust bearings", one above the table, one below, placed at the back
of the blade, prevent the blade from bending as workpieces
move from the infeed side to the outfeed of the table. For Resawing
operations, ie, making cutting Veneer, especially,
where infeed pressure is exceptionally great, the thrust bearing is
essential for maintaining the blade's straightness. See my syllabus on
the
Bandsaw.
Tilting
Arbor/Tilting Table: see
Appendix 3: Evolution of the Tilting Arbor Saw
Toenail
Nailing a stud to the bottom plate at
an angle; usually at 30 degrees from the stud. 45 degrees is best (if
possible)
Tool-Steel:
[this entry is in progress -- 4-16-07] Different types of steel are
used to make the cutting parts of tools such as the "Irons"
of Hand Planes, Hand Chisels, Shaper
Cutters.
high-speed steel (HSS) is a mix — called
alloy— with other ingredients, to create metals that hold a
sharp edge under the heat and pressure of operation. Steels labeled HSS
can incorporate a variety of combinations, created according to the
qualities desired for a tool.
(The image
below, by Stanley Tools, Division of Stanley Works, New Britain CT,
shows a selection of woodworking tools manufactured from different
types of Tool Steel.)
 Henry B Allen, an engineer for
Henry Disston and Sons in the 1920s and 1930s, gave a 1930
paper, in New York, to the Fifth National Wood Industries
Meeting, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
For
the entire
article, click here: "Improvements
in Steels for Wood-Cutting Saws and Knives "
In his first paragraph he
states,
The two
important factors in a review of steels
used for sees are the blade which carries the teeth and the teeth
themselves. The steel for the blade, after heat treatment, should
combine high elastic limit, good ductility, resistance to fatigue
cracking, resistance to impact, and uniformity. There is little in
sight to promise further marked improvements in the solid-tooth type of
saw. The next logical step is to use inserted teeth made front
materials known to be well adapted to the function of cutting wood.
This same forward step was taken years ago in metal cutting. Future
changes in design, so as to put to use metallurgical discoveries, will
require the best. thought of saw user, machine builder, and saw maker.
Research and untiring effort alone lead the way to accomplishment.
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Tool steel quality is designated
with combinations of numbers and letters, like 01, A2, and D2. All have
different ratios of Carbide content. (See also
Carbide Tipped .) For example,
M2 -- often specified for turning tools -- combines tungsten,
molybdenum, vanadium, and chromium with high-carbon steel. There is
less need to sharpen an M2 HSS tool as often as a carbon steel one.
The claim is that A2 steel is harder to sharpen than 01 steel. Or
that the edges of 01 steel cannot be made as sharp as edges
of A2 steel, but A2 steel holds its edge longer than 01. The reason: A2
and D2 steels are tougher than 01 because of their higher carbide
content. Tool
steels sort out
according to carbon steel or high-speed steel (HSS). HSS tools cost
more, but hold an edge longer. HSS is recommended for most
Turning Tools, especially Bowl Gouges,
Scrapers, and Parting Tools. [Still need
more on Rockwell hardness number -- this will come when i upload jpg
images from Allen's paper, cited below.] See also High Speed
Steel.
Sources: James
T. Frane, Encyclopedia of Construction Terms,
Carlsbad, CA: Craftsman Book Co., 1994, page 362, covers workability,
heat treatability, water hardening, shock-resistant, cold-work,
hot-work, and high speed tool steels; Larry Johnson, "What's the Deal
on Steel?" Wood Magazine
issue no 59 February 1993 page 65; [Anonymous], "Taking a Look at
Tool Steel," ShopNotes 15, Issue
90 December 2006, pages 12-13; in C. P. B. Shelley.
Workshop Appliances, Including Descriptions
of Some of the Gauging and Measuring Instruments, Hand Cutting Tools,
Lathes, Drilling, Planing and Other Machine-Tools Used by Engineers
Sixth edition, revised and enlarged London: Longmans, Green, 1883,
Chapter XI, pages 314-339, is "On Tool Steel and Its Treatment". Henry
B Allen's 1930 paper, "Improvements
in Steels for Wood-Cutting Saws and Knives ", delivered in
New York to the Fifth National Wood Industries Meeting, American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, is brief and enlightening, especially
from the perspective how, at that time, carbide-tipped teeth
on circular saw blades became an obvious needed way of improving the
cutting power and standards of sawing wood.
Torque: A wickapedia entry on "torque"
Torsion
Box: [under
construction 3-18-07]
A
torsion box is a
fixed, dead-flat, level surface. Components of structures designed to
include the torsion-box components -- such as tops of tables
-- are capable of bearing great weight and resist twisting and bending.
(Etymologically, the
term "torsion box" traces back at least to 1827, as shown in this
fragment, jpg below, on the left, from an 1827
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society - Page 200
Society - 1827. Strangely, though, nothing in the context of this
RAS text suggests what -- exactly -- a "torsion box" is. And, making
the mystery even more mysterious, the numerous uses of "torsion box" in
19th century texts that you can dredge up with Google Print are equally
undescriptive.)
A
torsion box is
a grid of core material made to whatever thickness you want it to be,
with sheet of manufactured sheet stock glued to each face.
You will have encountered torsion boxes (hereafter abbreviated to
T-box) on a regular basis, because nearly every flush door you walk
past is made that way. This structural form offers furniture designers
and makers some unique opportunities. One,it allows for the
manipulation of the thickness of the parts of the piece. Two, it is
very light for its size and dimensionally stable. Three, the inherent
strength of the system can be used to develop furniture forms that are
not possible using solid wood: you could liken this to wood engineering.
Source:
Ian Kirby, "Torsion Box Fundamentals", Woodworker's
Journal 31, no 3 May-June 2007, pages 34-39.
|
 Torsion box tops are
ideal for woodworker's assembly tables, because the perfectly flat
surface is ideal for "developing designs, laying out projects,
dry-fits, glue-ups, clamping and other elements of furniture assembly"
(from
David Marks' DIY website. Furniture, as well, is
often created where torsion boxes are part of the construction
components.  (Click on this link to
an image of a torsion box woodworker's table under construction.
Here's
an image of a coffee table , my friend, Charlie
Belden, helped his son construct, using a torsion box top. Finally,
check out this pdf from
the geocities website on the details of constructing projects
using torsion box designs -- see image from pdf on left.)
Today, with the ready
availability of Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF),
the inner core of a torsion box is a grid that's built with pieces of
MDF, in Marks' case, "cut and stapled together". (Inner core
torsion boxes can also be constructed with good quality Plywood.)
According to
Marks, "MDF was
selected over kiln-dried hardwood, softwood or plywood since MDF has a
uniform density and is very stable". But, cautions Marks, "Whether you
use MDF or another material", to ensure a consistent standard in the
structure, "the important thing is to build the entire grid from only
one material". Sources:
Ian
Kirby, "Torsion Box Fundamentals", Woodworker's
Journal 31, no 3 May-June 2007, pages 34-39; Bay
Area Woodworkers' Newsletter June 2002;
David Marks' DIY website.
Trestle
Table:
SeeTable
Trunnion:
In a table saw, it is the
attachment point of the Saw's
Arbor
to the underside of the table. The primary adjustment point for
aligning the saw blade to the miter slot on the top of the saw's table,
the Trunnion also handles the adjustment of the angles of the
Blade.
The use of trunnions in a tilting-arbor saw allows the axis of
blade-tilt rotation to be Coplanar
with the tabletop. ("Coplanar" means "lying or occurring in the same
plane. used of points, lines, or figures." From Dictionary.com, and
Jeff Joslin.)
 The
image above comes from Willis H. Wagner, Modern
Woodworking, 1974, p. 12-1.
Try Square:
Turner:
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