Glossary T

TPI

[eventually make one entry for each] Teeth per Inch or Threads Per Inch. Often used in reference to band, scroll, or jig saw blades. Number of threads per inch in a machine screw or pipe thread.

Table

A term in the vocabulary of woodworking with many connotations. As well as the common piece of furniture for eating, working, includes top surface of "Table" Saw , Shaper , Drill Press , and other similar power machine tools.

Briefly, "Table Saw" is frequently also called a "Bench Saw" or a "Contractor's Saw". A Bench Saw, as the name implies -- a Bench Saw comes without legs to support it -- sits on a "Bench" or specially built Table or Bench. Perhaps the most popular power tool among woodworkers today, a Table Saw features a Circular Blade driven by an electric motor mounted underneath the table, with the Blade -- adjustable by height and angle -- projecting up through a narrow opening -- the Blade Slot -- in the table.

Tripod table

A small pedestal table with three curved legs supporting the pedestal.

Source: Home Craftsman 4 May June 1935 page 22.

Table Insert

Also Throat Plate or Zero-Clearance Throat Plate.

The image shows a so-called "zero-clearance-insert", where -- to reduce Tear Out or Chip Out -- the gap between the blade (and teeth) are minimized.

Tailpiece

The projection of the seat part at the rear of a chair where back spindles are supported. A Windsor chair is of this construction.

Source: Home Craftsman 4 January-February 1935, page 124.

Tambour

see Fine WoodworkingSeptember, 1978, and March-April, 1979. -- note to self: need photo of tambour on Hoosier

Taper, Taper Cut

An "off-square" or angular cut, especially on a furniture part, such as a  table or chair leg, that gives one end of a workpiece a narrower dimension than the other end. On tables designed with tapered legs, for example, two of the four sides -- the inside edges -- are tapered, giving the legs a "rakish" look, that softens their often heavy, squarish appearance. Also "Socket" for holding a Spindle on a Shaper .

Taper Jig

A device for cutting tapers on the Table Saw. [need image]

Tear Out

Tear Out is the term given for the small (and sometimes large) pieces of wood that separate from the surface of a board when working it with a tool, typically at the exit point of the saw blade, router bit, or drill. Similar to Chip-out. Throat Plate or Zero Clearance Throat Plate, above is an example of a Jig designed to minimize tear-out.

Template (also Templet)

Tenon

Thicknesser

See Planer

Thicknessing

The process of making a board of equal thickness on the two wider, flat sides. Thicknessing your own wood saves you time and money. While this simple technique is normally done on a thicknessing Planer, you can also do it with these four tools -- Belt Sander, Bandsaw , Jointer and Overarm Router.

Source: Blurb from Shopsmith's Hands On No 7 September-October 1980, page 4

Threads-Per-Inch (TPI)

Throat Plate

See Table Insert

Thrust Bearing

: "A support which assumes the load of a shaft parallel to the axis of the shaft preventing it from moving longitudinally"

Source Home Craftsman 4 1935 July-August page 260. Yikes! A simpler definition comes from the anatomy of the bandsaw, where two "thrust bearings", one above the table, one below, placed at the back of the blade, prevent the blade from bending as  workpieces move from the infeed side to the outfeed of the table. For Resawing operations, ie, making cutting Veneer, especially, where infeed pressure is exceptionally great, the thrust bearing is essential for maintaining the blade's straightness. See my syllabus on the Bandsaw.

Tilting Arbor/Tilting Table

see Appendix 3: Evolution of the Tilting Arbor Saw

Toenail

Nailing a stud to the bottom plate at an angle; usually at 30 degrees from the stud. 45 degrees is best (if possible)

Tool-Steel

[this entry is in progress -- 12-1-10]

Different types of steel are used to make the cutting parts of tools such as the "Irons" of Hand Planes, Hand Chisels, Shaper Cutters. high-speed steel (HSS) is a mix — called alloy— with other ingredients, to create metals that hold a sharp edge under the heat and pressure of operation. Steels labeled HSS can incorporate a variety of combinations, created according to the qualities desired for a tool.

(The image, left, by Stanley Tools, Division of Stanley Works, New Britain CT, shows a selection of woodworking tools manufactured from different types of Tool Steel.)

Henry B Allen, an engineer for Henry Disston and Sons in the 1920s and 1930s, gave a 1930 paper,  in New York, to the Fifth National Wood Industries Meeting, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. For the  entire article, click here: Improvements in Steels for Wood-Cutting Saws and Knives

In his first paragraph he states,

The two important factors in a review of steels used for sees are the blade which carries the teeth and the teeth themselves. The steel for the blade, after heat treatment, should combine high elastic limit, good ductility, resistance to fatigue cracking, resistance to impact, and uniformity. There is little in sight to promise further marked improvements in the solid-tooth type of saw. The next logical step is to use inserted teeth made front materials known to be well adapted to the function of cutting wood. This same forward step was taken years ago in metal cutting. Future changes in design, so as to put to use metallurgical discoveries, will require the best. thought of saw user, machine builder, and saw maker. Research and untiring effort alone lead the way to accomplishment. Tool steel quality is designated with combinations of numbers and letters, like 01, A2, and D2. All have different ratios of Carbide content. (See also Carbide Tipped .) For example, M2 -- often specified for turning tools -- combines tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, and chromium with high-carbon steel. There is less need to sharpen an M2 HSS tool as often as a carbon steel one. The claim is that A2 steel is harder to sharpen than 01 steel. Or that  the edges of 01 steel cannot be made as sharp as edges of A2 steel, but A2 steel holds its edge longer than 01. The reason: A2 and D2 steels are tougher than 01 because of their higher carbide content.

Tool steels sort out according to carbon steel or high-speed steel (HSS). HSS tools cost more, but hold an edge longer. HSS is recommended for most Turning Tools, especially Bowl Gouges, Scrapers, and Parting Tools. [Still need more on Rockwell hardness number -- this will come when i upload jpg images from Allen's paper, cited below.] See also High Speed Steel.

Sources: James T. Frane, Encyclopedia of Construction Terms, Carlsbad, CA: Craftsman Book Co., 1994, page 362, covers workability, heat treatability, water hardening, shock-resistant, cold-work, hot-work, and high speed tool steels; Larry Johnson, "What's the Deal on Steel?" Wood Magazine issue no 59 February 1993 page 65; [Anonymous], "Taking a Look at Tool Steel," ShopNotes 15, Issue 90 December 2006, pages 12-13; in C. P. B. Shelley. Workshop Appliances, Including Descriptions of Some of the Gauging and Measuring Instruments, Hand Cutting Tools, Lathes, Drilling, Planing and Other Machine-Tools Used by Engineers Sixth edition, revised and enlarged London: Longmans, Green, 1883, Chapter XI, pages 314-339, is "On Tool Steel and Its Treatment". Henry B Allen's 1930 paper, "Improvements in Steels for Wood-Cutting Saws and Knives ", delivered in New York to the Fifth National Wood Industries Meeting, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, is brief and enlightening, especially from the perspective how, at that time,  carbide-tipped teeth on circular saw blades became an obvious needed way of improving the cutting power and standards of sawing wood.

Torque

A wikapedia entry on "torque" 

Torsion Box

Trestle Table

Under Construction 12-1-10; See Table

Trunnion

Truth to Materials

Try Square

Turner